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As a result, patient safety has emerged as a distinct healthcare discipline, supported by an immature yet developing scientific framework. There is a significant transdisciplinary body of theoretical and research literature that informs the science of patient safety, [3] with mobile health apps becoming an increasingly important area of study. [4]
The International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) were developed in 2006 by the Joint Commission International (JCI). The goals were adapted from the JCAHO's National Patient Safety Goals. [1] Compliance with IPSG has been monitored in JCI-accredited hospitals since January 2006. [1]
The NOC is a system to evaluate the effects of nursing care as a part of the nursing process. The NOC contains 330 outcomes, and each with a label, a definition, and a set of indicators and measures to determine achievement of the nursing outcome and are included The terminology is an American Nurses' Association -recognized terminology, is ...
Outcomes research is applied to clinical and population based research that seeks to study and optimize the end results of healthcare in terms of benefits to the patient and society. The intent of this research is to identify shortfalls in practice and to develop strategies to improve care.
The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, [1] though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". [2]
Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies of cancer. Ophthalmology deals with the eyes. Orthopedics is a branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system; Otolaryngology deals the ears, nose and throat. Pathology is the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of the disease.
Recent advances in psychological, medical, and physiological research have led to a new way of thinking about health and illness. This conceptualization, which has been labeled the biopsychosocial model, views health and illness as the product of a combination of factors including biological characteristics (e.g., genetic predisposition), behavioral factors (e.g., lifestyle, stress, health ...
Medical ethical standards are also a key factor in maintaining patient and public safety and well-being. Risks to practitioners : ensuring that healthcare professionals are immunised against infectious diseases, working in a safe environment (e.g. safety in acute mental health units, promoting an anti-harassment culture) and are kept up-to-date ...