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This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
1600: William Gilbert: Earth's magnetic field. 1608: Earliest record of an optical telescope. 1609: Johannes Kepler: first two laws of planetary motion. 1610: Galileo Galilei: Sidereus Nuncius: telescopic observations. 1614: John Napier: use of logarithms for calculation. [127] 1619: Johannes Kepler: third law of planetary motion.
Kenneth Krane's Modern physics begins a text on quantum and relativity theories with a few pages on the deficiencies of classical physics. [ 84 ] : 3 E.T. Whittaker's two volume A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity subtitles volume one to The Classical Theories and volume two The Modern Theories (1900–1926).
1600 – William Gilbert publishes De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure ("On the Magnet and Magnetic bodies, and on that Great Magnet the Earth"), Europe's then current standard on electricity and magnetism. He experimented with and noted the different character of electrical and magnetic forces.
This timeline includes developments in subfields of condensed matter physics such as theoretical crystallography, solid-state physics, soft matter physics, mesoscopic physics, material physics, low-temperature physics, microscopic theories of magnetism in matter and optical properties of matter and metamaterials.
The discovery finally convinces the physics community of the quark model's validity. 1974 Robert J. Buenker and Sigrid D. Peyerimhoff introduce the multireference configuration interaction method. 1975 Martin Perl discovers the tau lepton; 1977 Leon Lederman observes the bottom quark with his team at Fermilab. [30]
This timeline also ignores, for reasons of volume and clarity: the long story of spacetime and the concept of time as the fourth dimension; e.g. the ideas of Lagrange and Wells; mathematical innovations that influenced the formalism of SR, e.g. the introduction of fibre bundles;
1972 – Douglas Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson, and David M. Lee discover that helium-3 can become a superfluid [22] 1974 – Kenneth G. Wilson develops the renormalization group technique for treating phase transitions [23] 1980 – Klaus von Klitzing discovers the quantum Hall effect [24]