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Medicinally, microbes can be used for creating antibiotics in order to treat infection. Microbes can also be used for the food industry as well. Microbes are very useful in creating some of the mass produced products that are consumed by people. The chemical industry also uses microorganisms in order to synthesize amino acids and organic solvents.
The commercial production of amino acids usually relies on mutant bacteria that overproduce individual amino acids using glucose as a carbon source. Some amino acids are produced by enzymatic conversions of synthetic intermediates. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of L-cysteine for example.
Industrial enzymes are enzymes that are commercially used in a variety of industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemical production, biofuels, food and beverage, and consumer products. Due to advancements in recent years, biocatalysis through isolated enzymes is considered more economical than use of whole cells.
It has been used to improve the function of many enzymes for industrial catalysis. [2] It is also a product and services market, with an estimated value of $168 billion by 2017. [3] There are two general strategies for protein engineering: rational protein design and directed evolution. These methods are not mutually exclusive; researchers will ...
Aminoacylases have been used for the production of L-amino acids in industrial settings since the late 1950s. [18] Since aminoacylases are substrate specific for N-acyl-L-amino acids and not N-acyl-D-amino acids , aminoacylases can be used to reliably take a mixture of these two reactants and only convert the L enantiomers into products - which ...
It usually consists of three to four amino acids, while other amino acids within the protein are required to maintain the tertiary structure of the enzymes. [2] Each active site is evolved to be optimised to bind a particular substrate and catalyse a particular reaction, resulting in high specificity. This specificity is determined by the ...
Clinical Significance: Amylase also has medical history in the use of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT). One of the components is Sollpura (liprotamase), which help in the breakdown of saccharides into simple sugars.
These enzymes can be identified by a conserved HEXXH motif in their active site. This motif is crucial for the enzyme's function, as the histidine amino acids within the motif coordinate (bind) the metal ion, which then uses hydrolysis to break the peptide bond between the first amino acid and the rest of the protein. [9]