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  2. METAR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/METAR

    METAR indicates that the following is a standard hourly observation. KTTN is the ICAO identifier for the Trenton-Mercer Airport . 051853Z indicates the day of the month is the 5th and the time of day is 1853 Zulu/ UTC , or 1:53PM Eastern Standard Time .

  3. Unevenly spaced time series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unevenly_spaced_time_series

    In statistics, signal processing, and econometrics, an unevenly (or unequally or irregularly) spaced time series is a sequence of observation time and value pairs (t n, X n) in which the spacing of observation times is not constant.

  4. Surface weather observation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_weather_observation

    Surface weather observations can include the following elements: The Station Identifier, or Location identifier, consists of four characters for METAR observations, [13] with the first representing the region of the world the station lies within. For example, the first letter for areas in and around the Pacific Ocean is P, and for Europe is E.

  5. Glossary of meteorology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_meteorology

    Also actiniform. Describing a collection of low-lying, radially structured clouds with distinct shapes (resembling leaves or wheels in satellite imagery), and typically organized in extensive mesoscale fields over marine environments. They are closely related to and sometimes considered a variant of stratocumulus clouds. actinometer A scientific instrument used to measure the heating power of ...

  6. Trend type forecast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trend_Type_Forecast

    A TTF is a professionally considered forecast for weather over a two-hour period, [1] and is based on an actual weather report, such as a METAR or SPECI and appended to the end of it. [1] A TTF is similar to or sometimes in addition to a TAF, a terminal aerodrome forecast, but during the TTF's validity period is considered superior to a TAF.

  7. SYNOP - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYNOP

    SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) is a numerical code (called FM-12 by WMO) used for reporting weather observations made by staffed and automated weather stations. SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours by Deutscher Wetterdienst on shortwave and low frequency using RTTY .

  8. Station model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_model

    In the United Kingdom, when the observation is taken from an automated weather observation site, the shape is a triangle. [10] If the shape is completely filled in, it is overcast. If conditions are completely clear, the circle or triangle is empty.

  9. Data assimilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_assimilation

    The difference between the forecast and the observations at that time is called the departure or the innovation (as it provides new information to the data assimilation process). A weighting factor is applied to the innovation to determine how much of a correction should be made to the forecast based on the new information from the observations.