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It is most commonly used in dental procedures to numb the area around a tooth [1] and is also used to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin. Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain or Novocaine, in some regions, procaine is referred to generically as novocaine. It acts mainly as a sodium channel blocker. [2]
Dental anesthesia (or dental anaesthesia) is the application of anesthesia to dentistry. It includes local anesthetics , sedation , and general anesthesia. Local anesthetic agents in dentistry
Topical anesthetic agents are typically intraorally to control pain or irritation caused by toothache, teething, or sores in or around the mouth. Topical anesthetics are available by prescription or over-the-counter. They are available in sprays, dental paste, dental gels, lozenges, ointments and solutions.
There are few side effects, other than vomiting, with short-term use. [1] [2] With long-term use anemia or numbness may occur. [2] It should always be given with at least 21% oxygen. [2] It is not recommended in people with a bowel obstruction or pneumothorax. [2] Use in the early part of pregnancy is not recommended. [1]
Infiltration analgesia is deposition of an analgesic (pain-relieving) drug close to the apex of a tooth so that it can diffuse to reach the nerve entering the apical foramina. [1] It is the most routinely used in dental local treatment.
Dental anesthesiology is the specialty of dentistry that deals with the advanced use of general anesthesia, sedation and pain management to facilitate dental procedures.. In the United States, a dentist anesthesiologist is a dentist who has successfully completed an accredited postdoctoral anesthesiology residency program of three or more years duration, in accordance with the Commission on ...
Alfred Einhorn (27 February 1856 – 21 March 1917) was a German chemist most notable for first synthesizing procaine in 1905 which he patented under the name Novocain. [2] Until that time the primary anesthetic in use was cocaine , however its undesirable side effects (including toxicity and addiction ) led scientists to seek out newer ...
Adverse effects include prolongation of the QT interval on EKG. Medications include droperidol and haloperidol. Phenothiazines are particularly effective in treating opioid-induced PONV. Adverse effects are dose-dependent and include sedation and extrapyramidal symptoms. Medications include promethazine, chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine.