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The average duration of the day-night cycle on Mars — i.e., a Martian day — is 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35.244 seconds, [3] equivalent to 1.02749125 Earth days. [4] The sidereal rotational period of Mars—its rotation compared to the fixed stars—is 24 hours, 37 minutes and 22.66 seconds. [4]
The pattern of seven-day weeks repeats over a two-year cycle, i.e., the calendar year always begins on a Sunday in odd-numbered years, thus effecting a perpetual calendar for Mars. [ 27 ] Whereas previous proposals for a Martian calendar had not included an epoch, American astronomer I. M. Levitt developed a more complete system in 1954.
The basic time periods from which the calendar is constructed are the Martian solar day (sometimes called a sol) and the Martian vernal equinox year.The sol is 39 minutes 35.244 seconds longer than the Terrestrial solar day, and the Martian vernal equinox year is 668.5907 sols in length (which corresponds to 686.9711 days on Earth).
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Mars's cycle of eccentricity is 96,000 Earth years compared to Earth's cycle of 100,000 years. [ 189 ] Mars has its closest approach to Earth ( opposition ) in a synodic period of 779.94 days.
As a result, we're mostly seeing Mars' day side, with the sun reflecting brightly off its surface. For guidance to spot each planet, consult an app like SkySafari ($4.99 in the Apple App Store) or ...
The eccentricity of Mars' orbit affects this cycle, as well as other factors. ... Mars' Sols Earth Days Northern spring, southern autumn: 193.30: 92.764 Northern ...
On both Earth and Mars, these two precessions are in opposite directions, and therefore add, to make the precession cycle between the tropical and anomalistic years 21,000 years on Earth and 29,700 Martian years (55,900 Earth years) on Mars. As on Earth, the period of rotation of Mars (the length of its day) is slowing down.