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Over time, the oxygen combines with the metal, forming new compounds collectively called rust, in a process called rusting. Rusting is an oxidation reaction specifically occurring with iron. Other metals also corrode via similar oxidation, but such corrosion is not called rusting. The main catalyst for the rusting process is water.
The first two members of the group share similar properties as they are solid metals under standard conditions. Mercury is the only metal that is known to be a liquid at room temperature – as copernicium's boiling point has not yet been measured accurately enough, [note 2] it is not yet known whether it is a liquid or a gas under standard ...
Because titanium is resistant to corrosion by sea water, it is used to make propeller shafts, rigging, heat exchangers in desalination plants, [12] heater-chillers for salt water aquariums, fishing line and leader, and divers' knives. Titanium is used in the housings and components of ocean-deployed surveillance and monitoring devices for ...
Stainless steel, due to having a more positive electrode potential than for example carbon steel and aluminium, becomes the cathode, accelerating the corrosion of the anodic metal. An example is the corrosion of aluminium rivets fastening stainless steel sheets in contact with water. [69]
Tin isotopes 115, 117 through 120, and 122 are produced via both the s-process and the r-process, [34] The two lightest stable isotopes, tin-112 and tin-114, cannot be made in significant amounts in the s- or r-processes and are among the p-nuclei whose origins are not well understood.
For a metal, zinc has relatively low melting (419.5 °C) and boiling point (907 °C). [29] The melting point is the lowest of all the d-block metals aside from mercury and cadmium; for this reason among others, zinc, cadmium, and mercury are often not considered to be transition metals like the rest of the d-block metals. [29]
In almost all known compounds, bismuth has oxidation state +3; a few have states +5 or −3. The trioxide [25] [48] and trisulfide can both be made from the elements, [49] [36] although the trioxide is extremely corrosive at high temperatures. [37] The pentoxide is not stable at room temperature, and will evolve O 2 gas if heated. [50]
The Pourbaix diagram for chromium in pure water, perchloric acid, or sodium hydroxide [27] [28] Chromium is a member of group 6, of the transition metals. The +3 and +6 states occur most commonly within chromium compounds, followed by +2; charges of +1, +4 and +5 for chromium are rare, but do nevertheless occasionally exist. [29] [30]