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Grignard reagents add to propylene oxide to give secondary alcohols. Some other reactions of propylene oxide include: [14] Reaction with aluminium oxide at 250–260 °C leads to propionaldehyde and a little acetone. Reaction with silver(I) oxide leads to acetic acid. Reaction with sodium–mercury amalgam and water leads to isopropanol.
Cumene hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the production of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propene. This technology was commercialized by Sumitomo Chemical. [6] The oxidation by cumene hydroperoxide of propene affords propylene oxide and the byproduct 2-phenylpropan-2-ol. The reaction follows this stoichiometry: CH 3 CHCH ...
Industrially, tert-butyl hydroperoxide is used to prepare propylene oxide. In the Halcon process, molybdenum-based catalysts are used for this reaction: (CH 3) 3 COOH + CH 2 =CHCH 3 → (CH 3) 3 COH + CH 2 OCHCH 3. The byproduct t-butanol can be dehydrated to isobutene and converted to MTBE.
Alkoxylation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of an epoxide to another compound. The usual manifestation of this reaction is ethoxylation of alcohols (ROH), in which case ethylene oxide is the alkoxylating agent: ROH + C 2 H 4 O → ROCH 2 CH 2 OH. Another industrially significant epoxide is propylene oxide (PO, OCH 2 CHCH 3 ...
This is followed by a step in which the phenyl group migrates from the benzyl carbon to the adjacent oxygen and a water molecule is lost, producing a resonance stabilized tertiary carbocation. The concerted mechanism of this step is similar to the mechanisms of the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation [ 6 ] and Criegee rearrangement reactions, and also ...
the reaction steps presented here are just a part of the reaction sequence, see reference for more details. Photocatalytic oxidation with TiO 2: [15] TiO 2 + UV → e − + h + (irradiation of the photocatalytic surface leads to an excited electron (e −) and electron gap (h +)) Ti(IV) + H 2 O ⇌ Ti(IV)-H 2 O (water adsorbs onto the catalyst ...
The addition of ethylene oxide increases water solubility, propylene oxide decreases it. Commercially available demulsifier formulations are typically a mixture of two to four different chemistries, in carrier solvent(s) such as xylene , heavy aromatic naphtha (HAN), Isopropanol , methanol , 2-Ethylhexanol or diesel .
Starting with propylene chlorohydrin, most of the world's supply of propylene oxide arises via this route. [3] An intramolecular epoxide formation reaction is one of the key steps in the Darzens reaction. In the Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction epoxides are generated from carbonyl groups and sulfonium ylides. In this reaction, a sulfonium ...