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Grignard reagents add to propylene oxide to give secondary alcohols. Some other reactions of propylene oxide include: [14] Reaction with aluminium oxide at 250–260 °C leads to propionaldehyde and a little acetone. Reaction with silver(I) oxide leads to acetic acid. Reaction with sodium–mercury amalgam and water leads to isopropanol.
Alkoxylation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of an epoxide to another compound. The usual manifestation of this reaction is ethoxylation of alcohols (ROH), in which case ethylene oxide is the alkoxylating agent: ROH + C 2 H 4 O → ROCH 2 CH 2 OH. Another industrially significant epoxide is propylene oxide (PO, OCH 2 CHCH 3 ...
ethylbenzene is oxidized to ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, an epoxidizing agent in the propylene oxide/styrene process POSM; In the Bashkirov process, the autoxidation is conducted in the presence of boric acid, yielding an intermediate borate ester. The process is more selective with the boric acid, but the conversion to the alcohol requires ...
A typical well-known method of preparation is the reaction of potassium hydroxide with 3-chloropropyl acetate at 150 °C: [2]. Yield of oxetane made this way is c. 40%, as the synthesis can lead to a variety of by-products including water, potassium chloride, and potassium acetate.
Starting with propylene chlorohydrin, most of the world's supply of propylene oxide arises via this route. [3] An intramolecular epoxide formation reaction is one of the key steps in the Darzens reaction. In the Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction epoxides are generated from carbonyl groups and sulfonium ylides. In this reaction, a sulfonium ...
Heterogeneous OER is sensitive to the surface which the reaction takes place and is also affected by the pH of the solution. The general mechanism for acidic and alkaline solutions is shown below. Under acidic conditions water binds to the surface with the irreversible removal of one electron and one proton to form a platinum hydroxide. [4]
This is followed by a step in which the phenyl group migrates from the benzyl carbon to the adjacent oxygen and a water molecule is lost, producing a resonance stabilized tertiary carbocation. The concerted mechanism of this step is similar to the mechanisms of the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation [ 6 ] and Criegee rearrangement reactions, and also ...
Water cycle – moves water continuously on, above and below the surface shifting between states of liquid, solution, ice and vapour; Methane cycle – moves methane between geological and biogeochemical sources and reactions in the atmosphere; Hydrogen cycle – a biogeochemical cycle brought about by a combination of biological and ...