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It is associated with simplicity; the more orthogonal the design, the fewer exceptions. This makes it easier to learn, read and write programs in a programming language [citation needed]. The meaning of an orthogonal feature is independent of context; the key parameters are symmetry and consistency (for example, a pointer is an orthogonal concept).
Orthogonal array testing is a systematic and statistically-driven black-box testing technique employed in the field of software testing. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This method is particularly valuable in scenarios where the number of inputs to a system is substantial enough to make exhaustive testing impractical.
Visual understanding of multiplication by the transpose of a matrix. If A is an orthogonal matrix and B is its transpose, the ij-th element of the product AA T will vanish if i≠j, because the i-th row of A is orthogonal to the j-th row of A. An orthogonal matrix is the real specialization of a unitary matrix, and thus always a normal matrix.
In mathematics, an orthogonal array (more specifically, a fixed-level orthogonal array) is a "table" (array) whose entries come from a fixed finite set of symbols (for example, {1,2,...,v}), arranged in such a way that there is an integer t so that for every selection of t columns of the table, all ordered t-tuples of the symbols, formed by taking the entries in each row restricted to these ...
It is a common pattern in software testing to send values through test functions and check for correct output. In many cases, in order to thoroughly test functionalities, one needs to test multiple sets of input/output, and writing such cases separately would cause duplicate code as most of the actions would remain the same, only differing in input/output values.
An orthogonal instruction set does not impose a limitation that requires a certain instruction to use a specific register [1] so there is little overlapping of instruction functionality. [ 2 ] Orthogonality was considered a major goal for processor designers in the 1970s, and the VAX-11 is often used as the benchmark for this concept.
Theano is an open source project [3] primarily developed by the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms (MILA) at the Université de Montréal. [4]The name of the software references the ancient philosopher Theano, long associated with the development of the golden mean.
where Q is an orthogonal matrix (its columns are orthogonal unit vectors meaning =) and R is an upper triangular matrix (also called right triangular matrix). If A is invertible, then the factorization is unique if we require the diagonal elements of R to be positive.