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Ambassadors and envoys from Russia to Poland–Lithuania in the years 1763–1794 were among the most important characters in the politics of Poland. Their powers went far beyond those of most diplomats and can be compared to those of viceroys [ 1 ] in the colonies of Spanish Empire , or Roman Republic 's proconsuls in Roman provinces .
The Kościuszko Uprising, [h] also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, [2] [i] Second Polish War, [3] [j] Polish Campaign of 1794, [4] [k] and the Polish Revolution of 1794, [5] [l] was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian [6] influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland-Lithuania and the ...
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However, the situation changed in June 1794 when the Prussians declared their support for Tsarist Russia and offered them military support in suppressing Kościuszko (after his victory at the Battle of Racławice). [1] As a result, the Supreme National Council issued a proclamation To the Citizens of Greater Poland calling them to arms. [1]
Thus, one could characterise Poland–Lithuania in its final period (mid-18th century) before the partitions as already in a state of disorder and not a completely sovereign state, and almost as a vassal state, [5] with Polish kings effectively chosen in diplomatic maneuvers between the great powers Prussia, Austria, Russia, and France. [6]
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, [b] formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [c] and also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, [d] [9] [10] was a federative real union [11] between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.
On April 24 the “Act of Rebellion of the Lithuanian Nation” was announced. The rebels declared their unity with the Kościuszko Uprising, which had begun in Lesser Poland. On the same day, April 24, the so-called High Temporary Council was created, headed by the Mayor of Vilnius, Antoni Tyzenhaus, and Voivode of Novogrudok, Józef ...
The Cambridge History of Poland (two vols., 1941–1950) online edition vol 1 to 1696 Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine; Butterwick, Richard, ed. The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c. 1500-1795. Palgrave, 2001. 249 pp. online edition Archived 2008-05-04 at the Wayback Machine; Davies, Norman.