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In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.
The Pythagorean theorem was known and used by the Babylonians and Indians centuries before Pythagoras, [216] [214] [217] [218] but he may have been the first to introduce it to the Greeks. [219] [217] Some historians of mathematics have even suggested that he—or his students—may have constructed the first proof. [220]
The celebrated Pythagorean theorem (book I, proposition 47) states that in any right triangle, the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares whose sides are the two legs (the two sides that meet at a right angle).
Since the diagonal of a rectangle is the hypotenuse of the right triangle formed by two adjacent sides, the statement is seen to be equivalent to the Pythagorean theorem. [8] Baudhāyana also provides a statement using a rope measure of the reduced form of the Pythagorean theorem for an isosceles right triangle:
A large part of this involves analysis of solar declination in the Northern Hemisphere at various points throughout the year. [ 1 ] At one point during its discussion of the shadows cast by gnomons, the work presents a form of the Pythagorean theorem known as the gougu theorem ( 勾股 定理 ) [ 14 ] from the Chinese names—lit. 'hook' and ...
Bhaskaracharya proof of the pythagorean Theorem. Some of Bhaskara's contributions to mathematics include the following: A proof of the Pythagorean theorem by calculating the same area in two different ways and then cancelling out terms to get a 2 + b 2 = c 2. [21] In Lilavati, solutions of quadratic, cubic and quartic indeterminate equations ...
Pythagoras was already well known in ancient times for his supposed mathematical achievement of the Pythagorean theorem. [3] Pythagoras had been credited with discovering that in a right-angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
The five-piece dissections used in the proofs by Al-Nayrizi and Thābit ibn Qurra (left) and by Henry Perigal (right). This tiling is called the Pythagorean tiling because it has been used as the basis of proofs of the Pythagorean theorem by the ninth-century Islamic mathematicians Al-Nayrizi and Thābit ibn Qurra, and by the 19th-century British amateur mathematician Henry Perigal.