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Legal instrument is a legal term of art that is used for any formally executed written document that can be formally attributed to its author, [1] records and formally expresses a legally enforceable act, process, [2] or contractual duty, obligation, or right, [3] and therefore evidences that act, process, or agreement.
Authentication, in the law of evidence, is the process by which documentary evidence and other physical evidence is proven to be genuine, and not a forgery. Generally, authentication can be shown in one of two ways.
With respect to authentication, an "ancient document" is one that may be deemed authentic without a witness to attest to the circumstances of its creation because its age suggests that it is unlikely to have been falsified in anticipation of the litigation in which it is introduced.
A self-authenticating document, under the law of evidence in the United States, is any document that can be admitted into evidence at a trial without proof being submitted to support the claim that the document is what it appears to be. Several categories of documents are deemed to be self-authenticating: Certified copy of public or business ...
The document was authenticated by the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade and subsequently legalized by the Embassy of the Netherlands in Canada. In international law, document legalization is the process of authenticating or certifying a document so it can be accepted in another country.
In law, an acknowledgment is a declaration or avowal of one's own act, used to authenticate legal instruments, which may give the instrument legal validity, and works to prevent the recording of false instruments or fraudulent executions.
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c. 62), [7] a declaration can be made before anyone who is authorised by law to hear it (for example, a solicitor or legal executive), [8] or before any justice of the peace. In addition, officers of the armed services with the equivalent rank of major and above, and British diplomatic and consular officers in post abroad, may authenticate a ...