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Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that a reduction of blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21%.
A recent review concluded that antihypertensive treatment reduced cardiovascular deaths and disease, but did not significantly reduce total death rates. [41] Two professional organizations have published guidelines for the management of hypertension in persons over 79 years old.
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
Combining lipid-lowering drugs with one or more antihypertensive was associated with decreased dementia risk. There were similar results for oral anticoagulants combined with antihypertensives.
β-blockers, of which atenolol is mainly studied, provides weaker protection against stroke and mortality in patients over 60 years old compared to other antihypertensive medications. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] [ 18 ] Diuretics may be associated with better cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes than β-blockers in the elderly.
Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs, i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension. CCBs are particularly effective against large vessel stiffness, one of the common causes of elevated systolic blood pressure in elderly patients. [4]
The approved uses are for the long-term treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.In hypertension, recent clinical guidelines generally favour diuretics and ACE inhibitors, although calcium channel antagonists, along with thiazide diuretics, are still favoured as primary treatment for patients over 55 and black patients.
An early rise in serum creatinine above baseline is expected after initiation of therapy with Ramipril, however, monitoring serum biochemistry and renal function after initiation is crucial. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Treatment with Ramipril in some patients with significant narrowing in both kidneys can increase serum creatinine concentration (measured in ...