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In chromatography, the retardation factor (R) is the fraction of an analyte in the mobile phase of a chromatographic system. [1] In planar chromatography in particular, the retardation factor R F is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the center of a spot to the distance traveled by the solvent front. [2]
Retention distance, or R D, is a concept in thin layer chromatography, designed for quantitative measurement of equal-spreading of the spots on the chromatographic plate and one of the Chromatographic response functions. It is calculated from the following formula:
Chromatographic peak resolution is given by = + where t R is the retention time and w b is the peak width at baseline. The bigger the time-difference and/or the smaller the bandwidths, the better the resolution of the compounds.
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures. [1] It is performed on a TLC plate made up of a non-reactive solid coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. [2] This is called the stationary phase. [2]
The spot capacity (analogous to peak capacity in HPLC) can be increased by developing the plate with two different solvents, using two-dimensional chromatography. [8] The procedure begins with development of a sample loaded plate with first solvent. After removing it, the plate is rotated 90° and developed with a second solvent.
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The theoretical plate concept was also adapted for chromatographic processes by Martin and Synge. [6] The IUPAC's Gold Book provides a definition of the number of theoretical plates in a chromatography column. [7] The same equation applies in chromatography processes as for the packed bed processes, namely:
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