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A mattock (/ ˈ m æ t ə k /) is a hand tool used for digging, prying, and chopping. Similar to the pickaxe, it has a long handle and a stout head which combines either a vertical axe blade with a horizontal adze (cutter mattock), or a pick and an adze (pick mattock). A cutter mattock is similar to a Pulaski used in fighting fires.
A broadaxe is a large broad-headed axe. There are two categories of cutting edge on broadaxes, both are used for shaping logs into beams by hewing. On one type, one side is flat, and the other side beveled, a basilled edge, also called a side axe, [1] single bevel, or chisle-edged axe. [2]
A Pulaski combines the functions of an axe and an adze in one tool. The Pulaski is a specialty hand tool used in fighting fires, particularly wildfires, [1] which combines an axe and an adze in one head. Similar to a cutter mattock, it has a rigid handle of wood, plastic, or fiberglass.
The handle of the axe also acts as a lever allowing the user to increase the force at the cutting edge—not using the full length of the handle is known as choking the axe. For fine chopping using a side axe this sometimes is a positive effect, but for felling with a double bitted axe it reduces efficiency.
Splitting or riving a log Bucking, splitting and stacking logs for firewood in Kõrvemaa, Estonia (October 2022). Wood splitting (riving, [1] cleaving) is an ancient technique used in carpentry to make lumber for making wooden objects, some basket weaving, and to make firewood.
Swedish carpenter's axe with straight handle/cutting edge, beard and notch ideal for choking up on. A Swedish carpenter's axe Examples of Japanese carpenter's axes. Carpenter's axes or carpenter's hatchets are small axes, usually slightly larger than a hatchet , used in traditional woodwork, joinery, and log-building.
The edge itself does not need to be sharp: cleaving relies more on wedge action than chopping (cutting) with an edge. The section of the axe should be triangular though, with flat sides, rather than the deeply hollow-sided forged and welded axes, or the modern convex-sided "apple pip" axe grind. [4] Nor should the edge be ground at a bevel.
Stone has been used to make a wide variety of tools throughout history, including arrowheads, spearheads, hand axes, and querns. Knapped stone tools are nearly ubiquitous in pre-metal-using societies because they are easily manufactured, the tool stone raw material is usually plentiful, and they are easy to transport and sharpen.