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2. Ethernet hub - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_hub

   Historically, the main reason for purchasing hubs rather than switches was their price. By the early 2000s, there was little price difference between a hub and a low-end switch. [11] Hubs can still be useful in special circumstances: For inserting a protocol analyzer into a network connection, a hub is an alternative to a network tap or port ...

3. Network switch - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch

   Switch monitoring (SMON) is described by RFC 2613 and is a provision for controlling facilities such as port mirroring. [30] RMON [31] sFlow; These monitoring features are rarely present on consumer-grade switches. Other monitoring methods include connecting a layer-1 hub or network tap between the monitored device and its switch port. [32]

4. Fully switched network - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_switched_network

   A switch allows for many conversations to occur simultaneously. Before switches, networks based on hubs data could only allow transmission in one direction at a time, this was called half-duplex. By using a switch this restriction is removed; full-duplex communication is maintained and the network is collision free. [2]

5. Ethernet - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

   In a modern Ethernet, the stations do not all share one channel through a shared cable or a simple repeater hub; instead, each station communicates with a switch, which in turn forwards that traffic to the destination station. In this topology, collisions are only possible if station and switch attempt to communicate with each other at the same ...

6. Token Ring - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_Ring

   Token Ring and legacy Ethernet have some notable differences: Token Ring access is more deterministic, compared to Ethernet's contention-based CSMA/CD. Ethernet supports a direct cable connection between two network interface cards by the use of a crossover cable or through auto-sensing if supported. Token Ring does not inherently support this ...

7. Medium-dependent interface - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium-dependent_interface

   Hub with three MDI-X ports and one switchable port, circa 1998 Switch showing one logical port, 16, with two physical ports, one in each conductor arrangement: MDI-X (the norm for a hub or switch), labelled 16x, and MDI, labelled Uplink, for connecting to another hub or switch with a normal straight-through cable

8. Ethernet crossover cable - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_crossover_cable

   A crossover cable may also be used to connect two hubs or two switches on their upstream ports. Because the only difference between the T568A and T568B pin and pair assignments are that pairs 2 and 3 are swapped, a crossover cable may be envisioned as a cable with one modular connector following T568A and the other T568B (see TIA/EIA-568 wiring ...

9. Switched fabric - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched_fabric

   Switched fabric or switching fabric is a network topology in which network nodes interconnect via one or more network switches [1] (particularly crossbar switches).Because a switched fabric network spreads network traffic across multiple physical links, it yields higher total throughput than broadcast networks, such as the early 10BASE5 version of Ethernet and most wireless networks such as Wi-Fi.