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  2. Weathering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering

    Weathering is the deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals (as well as wood and artificial materials) through contact with water, atmospheric gases, sunlight, and biological organisms. It occurs in situ (on-site, with little or no movement), and so is distinct from erosion, which involves the transport of rocks and minerals by agents such as ...

  3. Haloclasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloclasty

    Haloclasty. Haloclasty (also called salt weathering) is a type of physical weathering caused by the growth and thermal expansion of salt crystals. The process starts when saline water seeps into deep cracks and evaporates depositing salt crystals. When the rocks are then heated, the crystals will expand putting pressure on the surrounding rock ...

  4. Salinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity

    Salinity (/ səˈlɪnɪti /) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry ...

  5. Salt surface structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_surface_structures

    These places allow salt-bearing water to collect and evaporate, leaving behind bedded deposits of solidified salt crystals. Below are short descriptions of these environments and a few examples. Convergent boundaries – Areas where two plates collide; if there is water trapped between the two, there is the possibility of evaporation and ...

  6. Marine coastal ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_coastal_ecosystem

    A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types ...

  7. Patterns in nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterns_in_nature

    Crystals in general have a variety of symmetries and crystal habits; they can be cubic or octahedral, but true crystals cannot have fivefold symmetry (unlike quasicrystals). [33] Rotational symmetry is found at different scales among non-living things, including the crown-shaped splash pattern formed when a drop falls into a pond, [ 34 ] and ...

  8. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    Crystallization. Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more rarely deposition directly from a gas. Attributes of the resulting crystal depend largely on factors ...

  9. Marine sediment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment

    Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor.These particles either have their origins in soil and rocks and have been transported from the land to the sea, mainly by rivers but also by dust carried by wind and by the flow of glaciers into the sea, or they are biogenic deposits from marine organisms or from ...