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The head may be affected, but this is typically only in young children. [2] The itch is often worse at night. [2] Scratching may cause skin breakdown and an additional bacterial infection in the skin. [2] Scabies is caused by infection with the female mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, an ectoparasite. [3]
There have been many different theories regarding the causes of excoriation disorder, including biological and environmental factors. [10]A common hypothesis is that excoriation disorder is often a coping mechanism to deal with elevated levels of turmoil, boredom, anxiety, or stress within the individual, and that the individual has an impaired stress response.
Treatment consists of two phases: stopping the urushiol contact that is causing the reaction (this must be done within minutes) [13] and, later, reducing the pain and itching. [4] Primary treatment involves washing exposed skin thoroughly with soap, cool water, and friction as soon as possible after exposure is discovered. [4]
When the definition of self-harm was expanded to include head-banging, scratching oneself, and hitting oneself along with cutting and burning, 32% of the sample said they had done this. [131] In Ireland, a study found that instances of hospital-treated self-harm were much higher in city and urban districts, than in rural settings. [132]
An Illinois man has a mysterious medical condition that causes items to stick to his head, just like a suction cup.
It causes thick firm debris to form in the ear canal, and can eventually migrate to the skin of the outer ear and face. Symptoms include scratching and shaking of the head. Treatment includes topical selamectin, or injections of ivermectin and frequent cleanings of the rabbit's environment. [8]
During treatment, people may develop fever, headache, and muscle pains, a reaction known as Jarisch–Herxheimer. [4] In 2015, about 45.4 million people had syphilis infections, [5] of which six million were new cases. [9] During 2015, it caused about 107,000 deaths, down from 202,000 in 1990.
The causes listed are relatively immediate medical causes, but the ultimate cause of death might be described differently. For example, tobacco smoking often causes lung disease or cancer, and alcohol use disorder can cause liver failure or a motor vehicle accident.