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In law, non-repudiation is a situation where a statement's author cannot successfully dispute its authorship or the validity of an associated contract. [1] The term is often seen in a legal setting when the authenticity of a signature is being challenged. In such an instance, the authenticity is being "repudiated". [2]
AS2 is specified in RFC 4130, and is based on HTTP and S/MIME.It was the second AS protocol developed and uses the same signing, encryption and MDN (as defined by RFC3798) conventions used in the original AS1 protocol introduced in the late 1990s by IETF.
Identification that the certificate is a qualified certificate for electronic signature; Identification of the qualified trust service provider who issued the qualified certificate, including such information; Corresponding electronic signature validation data and electronic signature creation data; Indication of the certificate's period of ...
Further, some non-repudiation schemes offer a timestamp for the digital signature, so that even if the private key is exposed, the signature is valid. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Digitally signed messages may be anything representable as a bitstring : examples include electronic mail, contracts, or a message sent via some other cryptographic protocol.
The trust service provider has the responsibility to assure the integrity of electronic identification for signatories and services through strong mechanisms for authentication, electronic signatures and digital certificates. eIDAS defines the standards for how trust service providers are to perform their services of authentication and non-repudiation.
An undeniable signature is a digital signature scheme which allows the signer to be selective to whom they allow to verify signatures. The scheme adds explicit signature repudiation, preventing a signer later refusing to verify a signature by omission; a situation that would devalue the signature in the eyes of the verifier.
Thus, digital signatures do offer non-repudiation. However, non-repudiation can be provided by systems that securely bind key usage information to the MAC key; the same key is in the possession of two people, but one has a copy of the key that can be used for MAC generation while the other has a copy of the key in a hardware security module ...
The accepted best practice is to use separate private keys (and associated certificates) for signature and for encryption, as this permits escrow of the encryption key without compromise to the non-repudiation property of the signature key. Encryption requires having the destination party's certificate on store (which is typically automatic ...