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This is a list of the fundamental frequencies in hertz (cycles per second) of the keys of a modern 88-key standard or 108-key extended piano in twelve-tone equal temperament, with the 49th key, the fifth A (called A 4), tuned to 440 Hz (referred to as A440). [1] [2] Every octave is made of twelve steps called semitones.
The reference point between this scale and normal frequency measurement is defined by assigning a perceptual pitch of 1000 mels to a 1000 Hz tone, 40 dB above the listener's threshold. Above about 500 Hz, increasingly large intervals are judged by listeners to produce equal pitch increments.
Not only is 440 Hz the standard central pitch for MIDI, it is also widely used as the "concert A " standard pitch (A 4 e.g. USA, UK), and since that is represented in MIDI signals by the integer 69 (nine semitones above middle C (C 4, c′), which is 60 decimal or 0x3C hexadecimal), this gives a real number which expresses pitch in a manner ...
3-limit 9:8 major tone Play ⓘ. 5-limit 10:9 minor tone Play ⓘ. 7-limit 8:7 septimal whole tone Play ⓘ. 11-limit 11:10 greater undecimal neutral second Play ⓘ.. In music, an interval ratio is a ratio of the frequencies of the pitches in a musical interval.
12 tone equal temperament chromatic scale on C, one full octave ascending, notated only with sharps. Play ascending and descending ⓘ. An equal temperament is a musical temperament or tuning system that approximates just intervals by dividing an octave (or other interval) into steps such that the ratio of the frequencies of any adjacent pair of notes is the same.
A440 (also known as Stuttgart pitch [1]) is the musical pitch corresponding to an audio frequency of 440 Hz, which serves as a tuning standard for the musical note of A above middle C, or A 4 in scientific pitch notation. It is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 16.
A440 Play ⓘ. 440 Hz = 4.21 or 4.39. The Bark scale is a psychoacoustical scale proposed by Eberhard Zwicker in 1961. It is named after Heinrich Barkhausen, who proposed the first subjective measurements of loudness. [1] One definition of the term is "a frequency scale on which equal distances correspond with perceptually equal distances.
Comparison of notes derived from, or near, twelve perfect fifths (B ♯). In musical tuning, a temperament is a tuning system that slightly compromises the pure intervals of just intonation to meet other requirements. Most modern Western musical instruments are tuned in the equal temperament system.