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Refusenik (Russian: отказник, romanized: otkaznik, from отказ (otkaz) 'refusal'; alternatively spelled refusnik) was an unofficial term for individuals—typically, but not exclusively, Soviet Jews—who were denied permission to emigrate, primarily to Israel, by the authorities of the Soviet Union and other countries of the Soviet ...
Due to the People Power Revolution of February 1986, Marcos' successor, President Corazon Aquino, established a revolutionary government with the signing of the "Freedom Constitution" by the virtue of Proclamation No. 3, which established human rights as the core of Philippine democracy. [8]
The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas or Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987. The Constitution remains unamended to this day.
[62]: 67 Written in the aftermath of the people power movement, the new constitution introduced some elements of direct democracy, such as the possibility of constitutional amendments though "initiative and referendum", recall of local elected officials, and provisions guaranteeing the right for civil society groups to organize. [22]: 6
The new constitution went into effect in early 1973, changing the form of government from presidential to parliamentary and allowing President Marcos to stay in power beyond 1973. The constitution was approved by 95% of the voters in the Philippine constitutional plebiscite. The constitution was part of the landmark Javellana v.
The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, which served as the basis for the current constitution. The Philippine legal system is a hybrid form based on the Spanish civil law and American common law system, [32]: 304–305 with a system of Sharia law in place for some areas of law involving Muslims. [33] [26]: 10874
Through this analysis, Philippine society is understood to be semi-colonial and semi-feudal. Semi-colonial meaning that only a few wealthy families hold political and economic power, and that the country's economic policies are influenced by more powerful foreign economies and international financial institutions.
September 25 - The Justice for Aquino, Justice for All or JAJA Coalition is created by Sen. Jose W. Diokno through his group Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan (Movement for People's Sovereignty and Democracy) or KAAKBAY, which introduced pressure politics in the Philippines. [2]