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Gingival enlargement has a multitude of causes. The most common is chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement, when the gingivae are soft and discolored. This is caused by tissue edema and infective cellular infiltration caused by prolonged exposure to bacterial plaque, and is treated with conventional periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planing.
Subgingival microorganisms (those that exist under the gum line) colonize the periodontal pockets and cause further inflammation in the gum tissues and progressive bone loss. Examples of secondary causes are those things that, by definition, cause microbic plaque accumulation, such as restoration overhangs and root proximity.
Plaque tends to build up around the gingival margin (the gumline) and in gingival crevices or periodontal pocket (below the gumline). The release of waste products from the bacteria living in the biofilm causes an inflammatory response in the gums which become red and swollen, bleeding easily when disturbed.
A periodontal pocket can become an infected space and may result in an abscess formation with a papule on the gingival surface. Incision and drainage of the abscess may be necessary, as well as systemic antibiotics; placement of local antimicrobial delivery systems within the periodontal pocket to reduce localized infections may also be considered.
Diabetes: "Gum disease and diabetes have a bidirectional relationship, meaning that gum disease can make it harder to control blood sugar levels, and uncontrolled diabetes can increase the risk of ...
Common immunosuppressive drugs linked to gingival hyperplasia are cyclosporin and tacrolimus. [1] The most frequently used immunosuppressive drug is cyclosporin, which is commonly prescribed after an organ transplant. Nearly 53% of patients taking cyclosporin after renal transplants presented with gingival growth. [1]
Inflammation and/or swelling of the gums/gingiva [3] [7] Not necessarily any signs of pain but experiencing pain is possible [1] Difficulties in speaking, oftentimes can lead to speech disorders [1] Other dental and oral problems [4] In some cases, Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis may cause bleeding from the gums, or gum ulcerations.
Desquamative gingivitis is a descriptive clinical term, not a diagnosis. [1] Dermatologic conditions cause about 75% of cases of desquamative gingivitis, and over 95% of the dermatologic cases are accounted for by either oral lichen planus or cicatricial pemphigoid. [1]