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Achondroplasia (a disorder where bones grow abnormally, which can result in short stature as in dwarfism), spondylolisthesis (a condition in which vertebrae slip forward), and osteoporosis (the most common bone disease in which bone density is lost resulting in bone weakness and increased likelihood of fracture) are some of the most common ...
Iliocostal friction syndrome most commonly occurs bilaterally as a result of spinal osteoporosis. [2] Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bone density and quality deteriorates, resulting in an increased risk for fractures. More than 2 million fractures occur annually in the United States due to osteoporosis. [9]
Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury. It occurs when one set of muscles becomes incapacitated while the opposing set is not, and an external stimulus such as pain causes the working set of muscles to contract. [ 1 ]
Camptocormia may also lead to muscle weakness in the upper back and to arthritis and other bone-degeneration diseases. [5] Because of loss of bone strength, injury to the spine and slipped discs become increasingly significant. Camptocormia can lead to infection, tumors, and diseases of the endocrine system and connective tissues.
The presence of the Babinski sign is an abnormal response in adulthood. Normally, during the plantar reflex, it causes plantar flexion and the adduction of the toes. In Babinski's sign, there is dorsiflexion of the big toe and abduction of the other toes. Physiologically, it is normally present in infants from birth to 12 months.
The shoulder is a joint which allows your arm to move [2] Poor posture can lead to nerve damage. [2] Repetitive shoulder movements, overhead, swinging, throwing or circling movement can cause musculoskeletal injury. [ 16 ]
Nutritional kyphosis can result from nutritional deficiencies, especially during childhood, such as vitamin D deficiency (producing rickets), which softens bones and results in the curving of the spine and limbs under the child's body weight. Gibbus deformity is a form of structural kyphosis, often a sequela to tuberculosis.
Each innominate bone (ilium) joins the femur (thigh bone) to form the hip joint; thus the sacroiliac joint moves with walking and movement of the torso. [9] In this joint, hyaline cartilage on the sacral side moves against fibrocartilage on the iliac side. The sacroiliac joint contains numerous ridges and depressions that function in stability.