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An oxygen sensor (or lambda sensor, where lambda refers to air–fuel equivalence ratio, usually denoted by λ) or probe or sond, is an electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O 2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed. [1] It was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH during the late 1960s under the supervision of Günter Bauman. [1]
A nitrogen generator Bottle of 4Å molecular sieves. Pressure swing adsorption provides separation of oxygen or nitrogen from air without liquefaction. The process operates around ambient temperature; a zeolite (molecular sponge) is exposed to high pressure air, then the air is released and an adsorbed film of the desired gas is released.
A carbon dioxide scrubber. A carbon dioxide scrubber is a piece of equipment that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO 2).It is used to treat exhaust gases from industrial plants or from exhaled air in life support systems such as rebreathers or in spacecraft, submersible craft or airtight chambers.
The torch is the tool that the welder holds and manipulates to make the weld. It has a connection and valve for the fuel gas and a connection and valve for the oxygen, a handle for the welder to grasp, and a mixing chamber (set at an angle) where the fuel gas and oxygen mix, with a tip where the flame forms.
Oxygen scavengers or oxygen absorbers are added to enclosed packaging to help remove or decrease the level of oxygen in the package. They are used to help maintain product safety and extend shelf life. [1] There are many types of oxygen absorbers available to cover a wide array of applications. [2] [3]
It is formally derived from oxygen by the removal of an electron: O 2 → O + 2 + e −. The energy change for this process is called the ionization energy of the oxygen molecule. Relative to most molecules, this ionization energy is very high at 1175 kJ/mol. [1] As a result, the scope of the chemistry of O +
It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. [1] The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%). Oxygen saturation can be measured regionally and noninvasively. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2) is commonly measured using pulse oximetry.
An ordinary glovebox, showing the two gloves for manipulation, with airlock on the right. The most straightforward type of air-free technique is the use of a glovebox.A "glove bag" uses the same idea, but is usually a poorer substitute because it is more difficult to purge, and less well sealed.