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Non-commutative geometry takes this as inspiration for the study of non-commutative C*-algebras: If there were such a thing as a "non-commutative space X," then its () would be a non-commutative C*-algebra; if in addition the Gelfand–Naimark theorem applied to these non-existent objects, then spaces (commutative or not) would be the same as C ...
A curve is a 1-dimensional object that may be straight (like a line) or not; curves in 2-dimensional space are called plane curves and those in 3-dimensional space are called space curves. [ 52 ] In topology, a curve is defined by a function from an interval of the real numbers to another space. [ 49 ]
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. [1] In classical physics , physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions . Modern physicists usually consider it, with time , to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime . [ 2 ]
In geometry, a three-dimensional space (3D space, 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a mathematical space in which three values (coordinates) are required to determine the position of a point. Most commonly, it is the three-dimensional Euclidean space, that is, the Euclidean space of dimension three, which models physical space.
Sheaf-theoretically, a manifold is a locally ringed space, whose structure sheaf is locally isomorphic to the sheaf of continuous (or differentiable, or complex-analytic, etc.) functions on Euclidean space. This definition is mostly used when discussing analytic manifolds in algebraic geometry.
For example, a 1-dimensional line may be studied in isolation —in which case the ambient space of is , or it may be studied as an object embedded in 2-dimensional Euclidean space —in which case the ambient space of is , or as an object embedded in 2-dimensional hyperbolic space —in which case the ambient space of is .
Outer space (or simply space) is the expanse that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere and between celestial bodies. [1] It contains ultra-low levels of particle densities , constituting a near-perfect vacuum [ 2 ] of predominantly hydrogen and helium plasma , permeated by electromagnetic radiation , cosmic rays , neutrinos , magnetic fields and dust .
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...