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Apple cider vinegar, or cider vinegar, is a vinegar made from cider, [3] and used in salad dressings, marinades, vinaigrettes, food preservatives, and chutneys. [4] It is made by crushing apples, then squeezing out the juice. The apple juice is then fermented by yeast which converts the sugars in the juice to ethanol.
The name "acetic acid" derives from the Latin word for vinegar, "acetum", which is related to the word "acid" itself. "Glacial acetic acid" is a name for water-free ( anhydrous ) acetic acid. Similar to the German name "Eisessig" ("ice vinegar"), the name comes from the solid ice-like crystals that form with agitation, slightly below room ...
The term "distilled vinegar" as used in the United States (called "spirit vinegar" in the UK, "white vinegar" in Canada [39]) is something of a misnomer because it is not produced by distillation, but by fermentation of distilled alcohol. The fermentate is diluted to produce a colorless solution of 5 to 8% acetic acid in water, with a pH of ...
This page provides supplementary chemical data on caffeine. ... Names IUPAC names. ... Chemical formula. C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2: Molar mass:
In 1895, German chemist Hermann Emil Fischer (1852–1919) first synthesized caffeine from its chemical components (i.e. a "total synthesis"), and two years later, he also derived the structural formula of the compound. [280]
The chemical complexity of coffee is emerging, especially due to observed physiological effects which cannot be related only to the presence of caffeine. Moreover, coffee contains an exceptionally substantial amount of antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, caffeine and Maillard reaction products, such as melanoidins. [3]
Rice vinegar is a vinegar made from rice wine in East Asia (China, Japan and Korea), as well as in Vietnam in Southeast Asia. It is used as a seasoning, dressing, and dipping in many dishes, including sushi , jiaozi , and banchans .
Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility. Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight. [8] Sodium benzoate is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials. [9]