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  2. Reformism (historical) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformism_(historical)

    Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or ...

  3. Age of Revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Revolution

    The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France from 1789 to 1799 that profoundly affected French and modern history, marking the decline of powerful monarchies and churches and the rise of democracy and nationalism. [12]

  4. France in the long nineteenth century - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_in_the_long...

    A map of France in 1843 under the July Monarchy. By the French Revolution, the Kingdom of France had expanded to nearly the modern territorial limits. The 19th century would complete the process by the annexation of the Duchy of Savoy and the County of Nice (first during the First Empire, and then definitively in 1860) and some small papal (like Avignon) and foreign possessions.

  5. 1800s (decade) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800s_(decade)

    The 1800s (pronounced "eighteen-hundreds") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1800, and ended on 31 December 1809.. The term "eighteen-hundreds" could also mean the entire century from 1 January 1800 to 31 December 1899 (the years beginning with "18"), [citation needed] and is almost synonymous with the 19th century (1801–1900).

  6. History of the United States (1789–1815) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United...

    Thomas Jefferson, the third U.S. president Territorial growth in the U.S. between 1800 and 1810. Thomas Jefferson is a central figure in early American history, highly praised for his political leadership but also criticized for the role of slavery in his private life. He championed equality, democracy and republicanism, attacking aristocratic ...

  7. Revolutions of 1848 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848

    Technological change was revolutionising the life of the working classes. A popular press extended political awareness, and new values and ideas such as popular liberalism, nationalism and socialism began to emerge. Some historians emphasise the serious crop failures, particularly those of 1846, that produced hardship among peasants and the ...

  8. Second Great Awakening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening

    The Second Great Awakening led to a period of antebellum social reform and an emphasis on salvation by institutions. The outpouring of religious fervor and revival began in Kentucky and Tennessee in the 1790s and early 1800s among the Presbyterians , Methodists , and Baptists .

  9. Society and culture of the Victorian era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_and_culture_of_the...

    Society and culture of the Victorian era refers to society and culture in the United Kingdom during the Victorian era--that is the 1837-1901 reign of Queen Victoria.. The idea of "reform" was a motivating force, as seen in the political activity of religious groups and the newly formed labour unions.