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At first, the Buddhist persecution of Muslims arose for religious reasons, and it occurred during the reign of King Bayinnaung, 1550–1589 AD. He also disallowed the Eid al-Adha, the religious sacrifice of cattle, regarding the killing of animals in the name of religion as a cruel custom. Halal food was also forbidden by King Alaungpaya in the ...
The Wahhabi sect does not tolerate other religious or ideological beliefs, Muslim or not. Religious symbols by Muslims, Christians, Jews and other believers are all banned. The Saudi embassy in Washington is a living example of religious apartheid. In its 50 years, there has not been a single non-Sunni Muslim diplomat in the embassy.
Sunni and Shi'a Islam became the mainstream schools of Islam. As a consequence, the tables turned and some Mutazili scholars were victims of persecution themselves in the centuries to follow. Some Islamic philosophers like Averroes and Avicenna also faced persecution from fellow Muslims in their time. [25]
In Mecca, only Muslims are allowed, while non-Muslims may not enter or pass through. Attempting to enter Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in penalties such as a fine; [52] being in Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in deportation. [56] In Medina, non-Muslims are not allowed to enter Nabawi Square, where the Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi is located.
The intolerance, and even the active persecution of religious minorities (sometimes religious majorities as in modern Bahrain or the Pre-Dutch Indonesian kingdoms), has a long history. Almost all religions have historically faced and perpetrated persecution of other viewpoints.
Research in 2020 stated that Indonesia is one of the top five countries with the highest levels of government restrictions. [24] In 2022, the Setara Institute on Democracy and Peace noted a total of 333 incidents involving infringment on religious freedom; [3] these were mainly against non-Sunni Muslims and were highest in East Java.
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI). doi: 10.17509/ijal.v8i1.11468. ISSN 2502-6747. Husin, Asna (August 13, 2019). "Being Muslim in a Secular World: Indonesian Muslim Families in the Washington DC, USA". Studia Islamika. 26 (2). Studia Islamika, Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of ...
These government policies institutionalize racism against Muslims, especially those who are foreign-born. The foreign-born Muslims seeking air travel to the United States are depicted as potentially violent and religiously extremist. [70] U.S. citizen Muslims who fit the American caricature of a Muslim are also affected by these policies.