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Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists between 6.5 and 8.5, but acid rain has a pH level lower than this and ranges from 4–5 on average. [1] [2] The more acidic the acid rain is, the lower its pH is. [2] Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure.
However, rain combines with sulfur dioxide, released by volcanic vents, and forms acid rain. The pH level of the rain, as low as 3.4 during an eruption, inhibits plant growth. [ 2 ] Furthermore, water evaporates quickly on the ground and the tephra soil is extremely permeable.
Temperatures at sea level generally range from highs of 84–88 °F (29–31 °C) during the summer months to 79–83 °F (26–28 °C) during the winter months. Rarely does the temperature rise from above 90 °F (32 °C) or drop below 60 °F (16 °C) at lower elevations. Temperatures are lower at higher altitudes.
Diagram depicting the sources and cycles of acid rain precipitation. Freshwater acidification occurs when acidic inputs enter a body of fresh water through the weathering of rocks, invasion of acidifying gas (e.g. carbon dioxide), or by the reduction of acid anions, like sulfate and nitrate within a lake, pond, or reservoir. [1]
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From as low as $12.95 /mo. As the Kona-low system that pummeled Oahu on Thursday makes its way westward, officials on Oahu continue to monitor reservoirs that filled to the brim while state ...
The Kona coast is the only area in Hawaii with a summer precipitation maximum. Windward sides face the east to northeast trade winds and receive much more rainfall; leeward sides are drier and sunnier, with less rain and less cloud cover. [69] In the late winter and spring during El Niño events, drier than average conditions can be expected in ...
A Kona storm is pushing through Hawaii this week, bringing the threat of heavy rain, flooding and yes, even snow. ... In the lower elevations, heavy rain has triggered flooding on parts of Kauai ...