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A guest worker from Cuba, working in an East German factory (Chemiefaserkombinat "Wilhelm Pieck"), 1986. After the division of Germany into East and West in 1949, East Germany faced an acute labour shortage, mainly because of East Germans fleeing into the western zones occupied by the Allies; [35] in 1966 the GDR (German Democratic Republic) signed its first guest worker contract with Poland. [36]
A guest worker program allows foreign workers to temporarily reside and work in a host country until a next round of workers is readily available to switch. Guest workers typically perform low or semi-skilled agricultural, industrial, or domestic labor in countries with workforce shortages, and they return home once their contract has expired.
The Gastarbeitnehmer, the so-called "guest workers" from Germanic countries, Scandinavia, Romania and Italy, had the highest status. The Zwangsarbeiter (forced workers) included Militärinternierte (military internees), POWs, Zivilarbeiter (civilian workers); and primarily Polish prisoners from the General Government. They received reduced ...
Since about 1990, the disintegration of the Soviet bloc and the enlargement of the European Union allowed guest workers from Eastern Europe to Western Europe. [ citation needed ] Some host countries set up a program to invite guest workers, as did the West Germany from 1955 to 1973, when over one million guest workers (German: Gastarbeiter ...
Gastarbeitnehmer ('guest workers') – Workers from Germanic and Scandinavian countries, France, Italy, [15] other German allies (Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary), and friendly neutrals (e.g. Spain and Switzerland). Only about 1% of foreign workers in Germany came from countries that were neutral or allied to Germany. [1]
A so-called "guest worker" (Gastarbeiterin) from Cuba, working in an East German factory, 1986 Due to a shortage of laborers during the Wirtschaftswunder ("economic miracle") in the 1950s and 1960s, the West German government signed bilateral recruitment agreements with Italy in 1955, Greece in 1960, Turkey in 1961, Morocco in 1963, Portugal in ...
While developed countries have increased their demand for labour, especially unskilled labour, workers from developing countries are also used. As a result, millions of workers and their families travel to other countries to find work. This influx of migrant workers contributes to growth of slums and urban poverty, according to Mike Davis. [132]
Migrant workers who work outside their home country are also called foreign workers. They may also be called expatriates or guest workers , especially when they have been sent for or invited to work in the host country before leaving the home country.