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In telecommunication and data transmission, serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel or computer bus. This is in contrast to parallel communication , where several bits are sent as a whole, on a link with several parallel channels.
At the destination, a second UART re-assembles the bits into complete bytes. Each UART contains a shift register, which is the fundamental method of conversion between serial and parallel forms. Serial transmission of digital information (bits) through a single wire or other medium is less costly than parallel transmission through multiple wires.
Parallel versus serial communication In data transmission , parallel communication is a method of conveying multiple binary digits ( bits ) simultaneously using multiple conductors. This contrasts with serial communication , which conveys only a single bit at a time; this distinction is one way of characterizing a communications link .
Practically all parallel communications protocols use synchronous transmission. For example, in a computer, address information is transmitted synchronously—the address bits over the address bus, and the read or write strobes of the control bus. Single-wire synchronous signalling
USARTs in synchronous mode transmits data in frames. In synchronous operation, characters must be provided on time until a frame is complete; if the controlling processor does not do so, this is an "underrun error," and transmission of the frame is aborted. USARTs operating as synchronous devices used either character-oriented or bit-oriented mode.
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a de facto standard (with many variants) for synchronous serial communication, used primarily in embedded systems for short-distance wired communication between integrated circuits.
Parallel communication; Parity bit; Payload (computing) Percept (information technology) Petherick code; Phase-fired controller; Phase-shift keying; Piggybacking (data transmission) Polar modulation; Primary station; Protocol data unit; Public data transmission service; Public switched data network
While it is common to illustrate serial protocol frames progressing in time from right to left, a reversed ordering is commonly practiced within the ARINC standard. Even though ARINC 429 word transmission begins with Bit 1 and ends with Bit 32, it is common to diagram [5] and describe [6] [7] ARINC 429 words in the order from Bit 32 to Bit 1 ...