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Third-century Roman soldiers battling barbarian troops on the Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus (250–260) Rome was established as a nation by making aggressive use of its high military potential. From very early on in its history, it would raise two armies annually to campaign abroad. The Roman military was far from being solely a defense force.
Mondo romano nell'80 d.C. e dislocazione legioni. After the founding of Rome, legend has it that the first king, Romulus established the original Roman legion with 3,000 soldiers and 300 cavalry, [1] which might have been doubled when the city of Rome was expanded by union with the Sabines, coming to a total of 6,000 infantry and 600 cavalry. [2]
The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people, enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC–AD 1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453).
These units usually numbered between 300 and 2,000 soldiers and some of them kept their original numbering schemes. The primary source for the legions of this era is the Notitia Dignitatum, a late 4th-century document containing all the civil and military offices of both halves of the Roman Empire (revised in c. 420 for the Western Empire). Legio I
The Imperial Roman Army was the military land force of the Roman Empire from 27 BC to 476 AD, [1] and the final incarnation in the long history of the Roman army.This period is sometimes split into the Principate (27 BC – 284 AD) and the Dominate (284–476) periods.
Cohors amicorum – Military staff company functioning as suite and bodyguard of a high Roman official. Comes – commanders of comitatenses. Comes stabuli – An office responsible for the horses and pack animals. Comitatenses – units of the field armies of the late empire. They were the soldiers that replaced the legionaries. Cornicen – A ...
The Goths remained a major threat to the Empire but directed their attacks away from Italy itself for several years after their defeat. By 284 AD, Gothic troops were serving on behalf of the Roman military as federated troops. [357] Northeastern Gaul and the Rhine frontier of the Roman empire in the time of Julian
This phase of Roman history ended with the Latin War (341–338 BC). The Latin city-states, acting collectively as the Latin League , tried to withdraw from their military alliance with Rome, for fear of the latter's ever-growing political dominance.