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Very few Archean stromatolites contain fossilized microbes, but fossilized microbes are sometimes abundant in Proterozoic stromatolites. [16] While features of some ancient apparent stromatolites are suggestive of biological activity, others possess features that are more consistent with abiotic (non-biological) precipitation. [17]
The stromatolites found today are almost all carbonate rocks (made of limestone), but these structures are mostly composed of the minerals gypsum and halite (rock salt), Hynek said.
"Porostromata" is an antiquated form taxon that refers to fossil cyanobacteria. The term porostromate is also used as a descriptor of textures and microstructure of stromatolites and oncolites which contain tubules or other cellular structures.
The microbes are photosynthetic; thus stromatolites represent shallow water environments in the fossil record due to their necessity to exist in the photic zone of water bodies. Stromatolites typically consist of filamentous microfossils. [17] The oldest stromatolites have been dated to approximately 3.5 billion years old. [18]
The lowermost of three stratigraphic units that comprise the Dresser Formation contains some of the Earth's earliest commonly accepted evidence of life such as morphologically diverse stromatolites, microbially induced sedimentary structures, putative organic microfossils, and biologically fractionated carbon and sulfur isotopic data. [1] [2 ...
The Pilbara region of Western Australia contains the Dresser Formation with rocks 3.48 Gya, including layered structures called stromatolites. Their modern counterparts are created by photosynthetic micro-organisms including cyanobacteria. [86] These lie within undeformed hydrothermal-sedimentary strata; their texture indicates a biogenic origin.
Collenia are stromatolites made up of convex layers flattened in the center, forming columnar colonies. The microorganisms involved were likely photosynthetic bacteria expiring oxygen. The microorganisms involved were likely photosynthetic bacteria expiring oxygen.
The lack of many well-preserved stromatolites has been proposed as a consequence of ongoing diagenesis during formation. [5] Diagenesis is a weathering process where newly deposited sediments lies on top of the old sedimentary bed, buried and compacted, lithified and uplifted to the surface as sedimentary rocks.
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