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Ash-forming materials are considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants. In the ash analysis of petroleum products, ash content represents the incombustible component remaining after a sample of the furnace oil is completely burned. The ash content of petroleum products is generally low.
For example, ash collected from wood boilers is composed of [6] 17–33% calcium in the form of calcium oxide (CaO) 2–6% potassium in the form of potassium oxide (K 2 O) 2.5–4.6% magnesium in the form of magnesium oxide (MgO) 1–6% phosphorus in the form of phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5) 3% in total of oxides such as iron oxide, manganese ...
For motor oil, MCR was once regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits the oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine. This is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. [5] For gas oil, MCR provides a useful correlation in the manufacture of gas there from. [5]
The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or ... (often fueled by oil), ... Ash from modern ...
Oil vapors and oil shale gas are then collected and cooled, causing the shale oil to condense. In addition, oil shale processing produces spent oil shale, which is a solid residue. Spent shale consists of inorganic compounds and char—a carbonaceous residue formed from kerogen. Burning the char off the spent shale produces oil shale ash.
Conradson carbon residue, commonly known as "Concarbon" or "CCR", is a laboratory test used to provide an indication of the coke-forming tendencies of an oil. Quantitatively, the test measures the amount of carbonaceous residue remaining after the oil's evaporation and pyrolysis .
Coke is the non-volatile residue of the decomposition, the cemented-together carbon and mineral residue of the original coal particles in the form of a hard and somewhat glassy solid. [3] Additional byproducts of the coking are coal tar pitch, ammonia (NH 3), hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), pyridine, hydrogen cyanide and carbon based material. [4]
The oil shale industry is ... The in-situ method converts the kerogen while it is still in the form of an oil ... soda ash, and nahcolite which occur as shale oil ...