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The Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used in UMTS, LTE and 5G on the Air interface. It is a layer 3 (Network Layer) protocol used between UE and Base Station. This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.331 [2] for UMTS, in TS 36.331 [3] for LTE and in TS 38.331 [4] for 5G New Radio. RRC messages are transported via the PDCP-Protocol.
In mobile telephony a bearer service is a link between two points, which is defined by a certain set of characteristics. Whenever user equipment (UE) is being provided with any service (CS/PS service), the service has to be associated with a Radio Bearer specifying the configuration for layer 2 and physical layer in order to have its QoS clearly defined.
The approach is called Interworking Wireless LAN (IWLAN) [19] architecture and it is a solution to transfer IP data between a mobile device and operator's core network through a Wi-Fi access. In the IWLAN architecture, a mobile device opens a VPN/IPsec tunnel from the device to the dedicated IWLAN server in the operator's core network to ...
For example, Amazingports can be used to set up hotspots that intend to offer both fee-based and free internet access, and ZoneCD is a Linux distribution that provides payment services for hotspot providers who wish to deploy their own service. [citation needed] Roaming services are expanding among major hotspot service providers. With roaming ...
In telecommunication, a public land mobile network (PLMN) is a combination of wireless communication services offered by a specific operator in a specific country. [1] [2] A PLMN typically consists of several cellular technologies like GSM/2G, UMTS/3G, LTE/4G, NR/5G, offered by a single operator within a given country, often referred to as a cellular network.
E-UTRA is the air interface of 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for mobile networks. It is an acronym for Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access , [ 1 ] also known as the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access in early drafts of the 3GPP LTE specification. [ 1 ]
5G NR (5G New Radio) [1] is a radio access technology (RAT) developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project for the 5G (fifth generation) mobile network. [1] It was designed to be the global standard for the air interface of 5G networks. [ 2 ]
IEEE 802.11u-2011 is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11-2007 standard to add features that improve interworking with external networks.. 802.11 is a family of IEEE technical standards for mobile communication devices such as laptop computers or multi-mode phones to join a wireless local area network (WLAN) widely used in the home, public hotspots and commercial establishments.