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Conventional radiation techniques such as external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) following surgical removal of the tumor have several drawbacks: The tumor bed where the highest dose should be applied is frequently missed due to the complex localization of the wound cavity even when modern radiotherapy planning is used.
Indications for radiation treatment are constantly evolving. Patients treated in Europe have been more likely in the past to be recommended adjuvant radiation after breast cancer surgery as compared to patients in North America. Radiation therapy is usually recommended for all patients who had lumpectomy, quadrant-resection.
Electron beam therapy is used in the treatment of superficial tumors like cancer of skin regions, or total skin (e.g. mycosis fungoides), diseases of the limbs (e.g. melanoma and lymphoma), nodal irradiation, and it may also be used to boost the radiation dose to the surgical bed after mastectomy or lumpectomy.
If cancer is detected in the sentinel node then further treatment is needed. Axillary node dissection involves the excision of lymph nodes connected to the tumor by the armpit (axilla). Radiation is usually used in conjunction with the lumpectomy to prevent recurrence. [11] The radiation treatment can last five to seven weeks following the ...
Adjuvant therapy in breast cancer is used in stage one and two breast cancer following lumpectomy, and in stage three breast cancer due to lymph node involvement. [ citation needed ] In glioblastoma multiforme , adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is critical in the case of a completely removed tumor, as with no other therapy, recurrence occurs in 1–3 ...
A seroma is usually caused by surgery. Seromas are particularly common after breast surgery [3] (e.g., mastectomy), [4] abdominal surgery, and reconstructive surgery. It can also be seen after neck surgery, [1] thyroid and parathyroid surgery, [5] and hernia repair. [2] The larger the surgical intervention, the more likely that seromas form.
A low-fiber diet may be used to prepare for or recover from various medical procedures: [1] [2] [4] [5] Abdominal surgery; Colonoscopy; Internal hemorrhoid surgery; A low-fiber diet may also be used during acute stages of the following conditions, to rest the bowels: [1] [2] [4] [5] Bowel inflammation; Crohn's disease; Diverticulitis ...
Cancer treatments are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of cancer, with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment. [1] Treatments can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy including small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies, [2] and PARP inhibitors such as olaparib. [3]