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It was developed by MySQL AB, and enables users to graphically administer MySQL databases and visually design database structures. Adminer – free MySQL front end capable of managing multiple databases, with many CSS skins available. It is a light-weight alternative to phpMyAdmin, distributed under the Apache license (or GPL v2) as a single ...
MySQL or MariaDB (database management systems) Perl, PHP, or Python (scripting languages) LEAP [11] Linux (operating system) Eucalyptus (free and open-source alternative to the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud) AppScale (cloud computing-framework and free and open-source alternative to Google App Engine) Python (programming language) LEMP/LNMP [12]
The nested set model is a technique for representing nested set collections (also known as trees or hierarchies) in relational databases.. It is based on Nested Intervals, that "are immune to hierarchy reorganization problem, and allow answering ancestor path hierarchical queries algorithmically — without accessing the stored hierarchy relation".
A version where MySQL has been replaced by PostgreSQL is called LAPP, or sometimes by keeping the original acronym, LAMP (Linux / Apache / Middleware (Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby) / PostgreSQL). [7] The LAMP bundle can be combined with many other free and open-source software packages, including: netsniff-ng for security testing and hardening
If a query contains GROUP BY, rows from the tables are grouped and aggregated. After the aggregating operation, HAVING is applied, filtering out the rows that don't match the specified conditions. Therefore, WHERE applies to data read from tables, and HAVING should only apply to aggregated data, which isn't known in the initial stage of a query.
MySQL Workbench is the first MySQL family of products that offer two different editions - an open source and a proprietary edition. [31] The "Community Edition" is a full featured product that is not crippled in any way. Being the foundation for all other editions it will benefit from all future development efforts.
Major DBMSs, including SQLite, [5] MySQL, [6] Oracle, [7] IBM Db2, [8] Microsoft SQL Server [9] and PostgreSQL [10] support prepared statements. Prepared statements are normally executed through a non-SQL binary protocol for efficiency and protection from SQL injection, but with some DBMSs such as MySQL prepared statements are also available using a SQL syntax for debugging purposes.
A 1992 paper by Margaret S. Wu notes that the teaching of database normalization typically stops short of 4NF, perhaps because of a belief that tables violating 4NF (but meeting all lower normal forms) are rarely encountered in business applications. This belief may not be accurate, however.