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  2. Scientific instrument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_instrument

    Historically, the definition of a scientific instrument has varied, based on usage, laws, and historical time period. [1] [2] [3] Before the mid-nineteenth century such tools were referred to as "natural philosophical" or "philosophical" apparatus and instruments, and older tools from antiquity to the Middle Ages (such as the astrolabe and pendulum clock) defy a more modern definition of "a ...

  3. Mardala - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mardala

    The Mardala used to be the accompanying instrument to the Mahari dance, the ancestor of present-day Odissi dance, one of the major classical dance forms of India. In hundreds of Kalingan temples across the state of Odisha, including famous shrines such as Mukteswara and Konarka , the Mardala features prominently, usually in a niche of an ...

  4. List of astronomical instruments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_astronomical...

    An astronomical instrument is a device for observing, measuring, or recording astronomical data. [ citation needed ] They are used in the scientific field of astronomy , a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos, with the object of explaining their origin and evolution over time.

  5. Instruments used in medical laboratories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in...

    historically, used in human or animal experiments to measure and record data Long extension kymograph: historically, used in or human animal experiments to measure and record data Surface plasmon resonance: Label-free detection of molecule binding. Used to determine kinetic constants of the interaction (k a, k d, K D). Can also be used for ...

  6. List of measuring instruments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_measuring_instruments

    Some instruments, such as telescopes and sea navigation instruments, have had military applications for many centuries. However, the role of instruments in military affairs rose exponentially with the development of technology via applied science, which began in the mid-19th century and has continued through the present day.

  7. Organology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organology

    Organology (from Ancient Greek ὄργανον (organon) 'instrument' and λόγος (logos), 'the study of') is the science of musical instruments and their classifications. [1] It embraces study of instruments' history, instruments used in different cultures, technical aspects of how instruments produce sound, and musical instrument ...

  8. Scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

    The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, not the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the primacy of ...

  9. Instrumentalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalism

    In philosophy of science and in epistemology, instrumentalism is a methodological view that ideas are useful instruments, and that the worth of an idea is based on how effective it is in explaining and predicting natural phenomena.