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The rate of return on a portfolio can be calculated indirectly as the weighted average rate of return on the various assets within the portfolio. [3] The weights are proportional to the value of the assets within the portfolio, to take into account what portion of the portfolio each individual return represents in calculating the contribution of that asset to the return on the portfolio.
In financial accounting, a cash flow statement, also known as statement of cash flows, [1] is a financial statement that shows how changes in balance sheet accounts and income affect cash and cash equivalents, and breaks the analysis down to operating, investing and financing activities.
Roy's identity reformulates Shephard's lemma in order to get a Marshallian demand function for an individual and a good from some indirect utility function.. The first step is to consider the trivial identity obtained by substituting the expenditure function for wealth or income in the indirect utility function (,), at a utility of :
Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty (1975a). They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a spherical Earth, such ...
Average CEO Pay is calculated using the last year a director sat on the board of each company. Stock returns do not include dividends. All directors refers to people who sat on the board of at least one Fortune 100 company between 2008 and 2012. The Pay Pals project relies on financial research conducted by the Center for Economic Policy and ...
From December 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Eugene B. Shanks, Jr. joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a -62.3 percent return on your investment, compared to a 61.1 percent return from the S&P 500.
As a result, commercial cost estimating software applications were originally created to overcome these errors by using hard-coded formulas and data structures. Other benefits include the use of reference to cost databases (aka "cost books") and other data, predictable and professional looking reports, speed, accuracy, and overall process ...
A consumer's indirect utility (,) can be computed from their utility function (), defined over vectors of quantities of consumable goods, by first computing the most preferred affordable bundle, represented by the vector (,) by solving the utility maximization problem, and second, computing the utility ((,)) the consumer derives from that ...