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In calm weather, a layer of significantly warmer air may rest over colder dense air, forming an atmospheric duct that acts like a refracting lens, producing a series of both inverted and erect images. A Fata Morgana requires a duct to be present; thermal inversion alone is not enough to produce this kind of mirage.
A schematic of an inferior mirage, showing a) the unrefracted line of sight, b) the refracted line of sight and c) the apparent position of the refracted image. In an inferior mirage, the mirage image appears below the real object. The real object in an inferior mirage is the (blue) sky or any distant (therefore bluish) object in that same ...
The duct acts as an atmospheric dielectric waveguide and limits the spread of the wavefront to only the horizontal dimension. [ 1 ] Atmospheric ducting is a mode of propagation of electromagnetic radiation , usually in the lower layers of Earth’s atmosphere , where the waves are bent by atmospheric refraction . [ 2 ]
The island shape is not distorted, but is elevated. The middle frame shows looming with towering. The lowest frame is a 5-image superior mirage of the islands. As the image shows, the different refraction phenomena are not independent from each other and may occur together as a combination, depending on atmospheric conditions. [2]
Diagram showing displacement of the Sun's image at sunrise and sunset Comparison of inferior and superior mirages due to differing air refractive indices, n. Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height. [1]
In an inversion, the normal pattern is reversed, and distant objects are instead stretched out or appear to be above the horizon, leading to the phenomenon known as a Fata Morgana or mirage. Inversions can magnify the so-called " green flash "—a phenomenon occurring at sunrise or sunset, usually visible for a few seconds, in which the sun's ...
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Flight testing started in July 1973 using a Caravelle flying test-bed and the engine first went supersonic in a Mirage F.1 test bed at the end of 1974. [ 3 ] The engine was designed to have better performance than the latest Atar engines but simpler and less costly than the SNECMA TF 306 turbofan. [ 1 ]
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