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One ton of iris root produces two kilos of essential oil, also referred to as orris root butter or butter of iris, and it is the most expensive substance used in the fragrance industry. [7] Its fragrance has been described as tenaciously flowery, heavy and woody (paraphrasing Pavia , Dutch translation, page 40).
The rhizomes (roots) must be stored in a cool, dry location for three years to develop the scent. [1] The fresh rhizomes are almost odorless. The distilled oil solidifies in the receiver as a wax-like and cream-colored mass known as orris concrete. It is solid because of the high content of myristic acid (85%), a white stearin-like substance. [1]
The aged rhizomes are steam-distilled which produces a thick oily compound, known in the perfume industry as "iris butter" or orris oil. [50] Iris rhizomes also contain notable amounts of terpenes, and organic acids such as ascorbic acid, myristic acid, tridecylenic acid and undecylenic acid. Iris rhizomes can be toxic.
Iris florentina has a thick or stout rhizome, which is short, fleshy, horizontal, and has a strong violet scent. [2] [3] [4] The rhizomes spread across the surface of the soil, [1] [5] [6] to form clumps of plants. [6] [7] This habit can often create a dense network of fibrous roots that can crowd out other plants. [8]
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It is one of two iris species native to Britain, the other being the yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus). It has tufts of dark green leaves. [1] Its flowers are usually of a dull, leaden-blue colour, or dull buff-yellow tinged with blue. The petals have delicate veining. It blooms between June and July, but the flowers only last a day or so. [3]
The first modern perfume, made of scented oils blended in an alcohol solution, was made in 1370 at the command of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary and was known throughout Europe as Hungary Water. The art of perfumery prospered in Renaissance Italy , and in the 16th century, Italian refinements were taken to France by Catherine de' Medici 's personal ...
Crocus (/ ˈ k r oʊ k ə s /; plural: crocuses or croci) is a genus of seasonal flowering plants in the family Iridaceae (iris family) comprising about 100 species of perennials growing from corms. They are low growing plants, whose flower stems remain underground, that bear relatively large white, yellow, orange or purple flowers and then ...