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The process of osmosis over a semipermeable membrane.The blue dots represent particles driving the osmotic gradient. Osmosis (/ ɒ z ˈ m oʊ s ɪ s /, US also / ɒ s-/) [1] is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential ...
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
Osmotic pressure is the basis of filtering ("reverse osmosis"), a process commonly used in water purification. The water to be purified is placed in a chamber and put under an amount of pressure greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by the water and the solutes dissolved in it.
Osmosis – Migration of molecules to a region of lower solute concentration; Permeation – Penetration of a liquid, gas, or vapor through a solid; Relativistic heat conduction – Model compatible with special relativity; Transport phenomena – Exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems; Turbulent diffusion
Osmotic power, salinity gradient power or blue energy is the energy available from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water.Two practical methods for this are reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO).
The term derives from the 16th-century idiom "in plain English", meaning "in clear, straightforward language" [2] as well as the Latin planus ("flat"). Another name for the term, layman's terms, is derived from the idiom "in layman's terms" which refers to language phrased simply enough that a layman, or common person without expertise on the subject, can understand.
When a paint coating is applied on a metallic surface contaminated with soluble salts, an osmotic blistering process takes place (Figure 8.10). Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules (water) through a semipermeable membrane (coating film) into a region of higher solute concentration (the salt contaminated substrate).
Note that there are two contributions to diffusiophoresis of a charged particle in a salt gradient, which give rise to the two terms in the above equation for . The first is due to the fact that whenever there is a salt concentration gradient, then unless the diffusion constants of the positive and negative ions are exactly equal to each other ...