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The resolution of binary integers increases exponentially as the word length increases: adding one bit doubles the resolution, adding two quadruples it, and so on. The number of possible values that an integer bit depth can represent can be calculated by using 2 n, where n is the bit depth. [1]
Ultimately Sony prevailed on both sample rate (44.1 kHz) and bit depth (16 bits per sample, rather than 14 bits per sample). The technical reasoning behind the rate being chosen is associated with characteristics of human hearing and early digital audio recording systems as described below. [1]: sec. 8.5
The audio bit rate for a Red Book audio CD is 1,411,200 bits per second (1,411 kbit/s) or 176,400 bytes per second; 2 channels × 44,100 samples per second per channel × 16 bits per sample. Audio data coming in from a CD is contained in sectors, each sector being 2,352 bytes, and with 75 sectors containing 1 second of audio.
The Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio is a multiple of the bit depth. Audio CDs use a bit depth of 16-bits, while DVD-Video and Blu-ray discs can use 24-bit audio. The maximum dynamic range of a 16-bit system is about 96 dB, [10] while for 24 bit it is about 144 dB.
A PCM stream has two basic properties that determine the stream's fidelity to the original analog signal: the sampling rate, which is the number of times per second that samples are taken; and the bit depth, which determines the number of possible digital values that can be used to represent each sample.
Bit depth or sample resolution is the number of bits of information recorded for each sample. Bit depth directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample in a set of digital audio data. Common examples of bit depth include CD quality audio, which is recorded at 16 bits, SACD with effective 20-bit resolution, and DVD-Audio, which can support ...
Using this technique, the audio data is stored as a sequence of fixed amplitude (i.e. 1-bit) values at a sample rate of 2.884 MHz, which is 64 times the 44.1 kHz sample rate used by CD. At any point in time, the amplitude of the original analog signal is represented by the density of 1's or 0's in the data stream.
Sample rate Bit rate Bits per sample Latency CBR VBR Stereo Multichannel G.711: companding A-law or μ-law, PCM: 8 kHz 64 kbit/s 8 bit 125 μs (typical) Yes No No No G.711.0: Lossless compression of G.711: 8 kHz 0.2–65.6 kbit/s 8 bit 5–40 ms No Yes No No G.711.1: MDCT, A-law, μ-law: 8, 16 kHz 64, 80, 96 kbit/s 16 bit 11.875 ms Yes Yes No No