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Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer (sacculus) that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. [1] The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM).
Diagram of a prokaryotic cell, a bacterium with a flagellum. A prokaryote (/ p r oʊ ˈ k ær i oʊ t,-ə t /; less commonly spelled procaryote) [1] is a single-celled organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. [2]
Sacculus may refer to: Saccule, a bed of sensory cells in the inner ear; Sacculus (insect antenna anatomy), a sensory organ in the antenna of certain insects; Sacculus (insect genital anatomy), a male genital structure in moths and butterflies; Sacculus, an outer peptidoglycan meshwork that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasm
Within prokaryotes, archaeal cell structure is most similar to that of gram-positive bacteria, largely because both have a single lipid bilayer [82] and usually contain a thick sacculus (exoskeleton) of varying chemical composition. [83]
Divisome and elongasome complexes responsible for peptidoglycan synthesis during lateral cell-wall growth and division. [1]The divisome is a protein complex in bacteria that is responsible for cell division, constriction of inner and outer membranes during division, and peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis at the division site.
The prokaryotic cytoskeletal elements are matched with their eukaryotic homologue and hypothesized cellular function. [1] The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is the collective name for all structural filaments in prokaryotes. [2] Some of these proteins are analogues of those in eukaryotes, while others are unique to prokaryotes.
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The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is the collective name for all structural filaments in prokaryotes. It was once thought that prokaryotic cells did not possess cytoskeletons, but advances in imaging technology and structure determination have shown the presence of filaments in these cells. [9]