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Hmong people, especially those who had participated in the military conflict were singled out for retribution. Of the Hmong who remained in Laos, over 30,000 were sent to re-education camps as political prisoners where they served indeterminate, sometimes life, sentences. Enduring hard physical labor and difficult conditions, many people died. [13]
On 29 May 1975, about 10,000 Hmong people, attempted to cross Hin Heup bridge traveling to Vientiane. As the group crossed the bridge Pathet Lao forces open fire on the column using mortars, M16s, and bayonets. Many people jumped into the river to flee the firing troops, by the end of the massacre 14 civilians were killed and over 100 wounded.
In early 1955, a United States Operation Mission was set up in Laos. Its primary purpose was supply of military defense materials to the Royal Lao Government; 80% of its budget was dedicated to this purpose. [43] The United States paid 100% of the Lao military budget. [19] However, the embassy staff was not up to monitoring this program.
“If history isn’t documented, then it’s forgotten,” a librarian involved in creating Fresno State’s Hmong history repository said. Hmong culture in 1960s war-torn Laos documented by ...
Vang was responsible for the United Nations's recognition of the word Hmong as the proper term for the Hmong people. [1] Additionally, he testified in the United States Congress, and at the United Nations in New York City and Geneva]l on numerous occasions on the Hmong genocide in Laos.
As of 2001, the largest Hmong population in the United States by the city is located in St. Paul. [44] In 2020, the Hmong-American population in Minnesota was about 90,000, and it was the largest ethnic Asian group in the state.
The government of Laos has been accused of committing genocide against the Hmong in collaboration with the Vietnamese army, [5] [6] with up to 100,000 killed out of a population of 400,000. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong.
As of the 2010 census, 260,073 Hmong people reside in the United States, [105] the majority of whom live in California (91,224), then Minnesota (66,181), and Wisconsin (49,240), an increase from 186,310 in 2000. [106] 247,595 or 95.2% are Hmong alone, and the remaining 12,478 are mixed Hmong with some other ethnicity. The vast majority of part ...