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Display lag contributes to the overall latency in the interface chain of the user's inputs (mouse, keyboard, etc.) to the graphics card to the monitor. Depending on the monitor, display lag times between 10-68 ms have been measured. However, the effects of the delay on the user depend on each user's own sensitivity to it.
In a CRT, the vertical scan rate is the number of times per second that the electron beam returns to the upper left corner of the screen to begin drawing a new frame. [3] It is controlled by the vertical blanking signal generated by the video controller, and is partially limited by the monitor's maximum horizontal scan rate.
Refresh rate is (in CRTs) the number of times in a second that the display is illuminated (the number of times a second a raster scan is completed). In LCDs it is the number of times the image can be changed per second, expressed in hertz (Hz). Determines the maximum number of frames per second (FPS) a monitor is capable of showing.
Some modern monitors and video cards support reduced blanking, standardized with Coordinated Video Timings. [3] In the PAL television standard, the blanking level corresponds to the black level, whilst other standards, most notably some variants of NTSC, may set the black level slightly above the blanking level on a pedestal or "set up level".
Input lag or input latency is the amount of time that passes between sending an electrical signal and the occurrence of a corresponding action.. In video games the term is often used to describe any latency between input and the game engine, monitor, or any other part of the signal chain reacting to that input, though all contributions of input lag are cumulative.
The signal standard and pinout are backward-compatible with CGA, allowing EGA monitors to be used on CGA cards and vice versa. Early VGA cards also used this connector. VGA connector (DE-15) Became a nearly ubiquitous analog computer display connector after first being introduced with IBM x86 machines. Older VGA connectors were DE-9 (9-pin).
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In 1984, IBM's EGA added a second resolution which necessitated the use of a monitor supporting two scan rates, the original CGA rate as well as a second scan rate for the new video modes. [5] This monitor as well as others that could be manually switched between these two sync rates were known as dual-scan displays. [6]