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The Order of Christian Initiation of Adults (Latin: Ordo initiationis christianae adultorum), or OCIA, is a process developed by the Catholic Church for its catechumenate for prospective converts to the Catholic faith above the age of infant baptism. Candidates are gradually introduced to aspects of Catholic beliefs and practices.
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Baptism by non-Catholic Christians is valid if the formula and water are present, and so converts from other Christian denominations are not given a Catholic baptism. The church recognizes two equivalents of baptism with water: "baptism of blood" and "baptism of desire".
The Paulicians strongly opposed infant baptism; they only gave baptism to adults after instruction, confession, and repentance. [51] The Bogomils and Cathars also rejected the baptism of infants. However, they did not believe anyone should be baptized in water at all, and instead believed baptism to be of a spiritual character.
Ex opere operato is a Latin phrase meaning "from the work worked" that, in reference to sacraments, signifies that they derive their efficacy not from the minister (which would mean that they derive it ex opere operantis, meaning "from the work of the worker") or from the recipient, but from the sacrament considered independently of the merits of the minister or the recipient.
Baptism of Christ is a 1608–1614 painting by El Greco, made towards the end of his life in Toledo and completed by his son Jorge Manuel Theotocópuli. It is now in the Hospital de Tavera in Toledo .
It is inspired by the catechumenate of the early Catholic Church where converts from paganism were prepared for baptism through a process of faith formation. [7] This post-baptismal formation helps deepen the faith for adults that have already been baptized, and provides basic instruction to those that are far from the Church. [ 8 ]
There is one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins. Rebaptism is not allowed. Infants are baptized most commonly, but all forms of baptism are accepted (infant or adult; pouring, sprinkling or immersion). Moravian doctrine teaches that the Body and Blood of Christ are present in Holy Communion.