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Altocumulus (from Latin altus 'high' and cumulus 'heaped') [1] is a middle-altitude cloud genus that belongs mainly to the stratocumuliform physical category, characterized by globular masses or rolls in layers or patches – the individual elements being larger and darker than those of cirrocumulus and smaller than those of stratocumulus. [2]
This type of cloud appears as holes present in an altocumulus cloud cover resembling a honeycomb. It is considered to be rare, since it is typically short-lived. [1] Lacunosus cloud types (including this one) forms when a layer of cold air and a layer of warmer air come in contact with each other.
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In this phase, water vapor condenses on various nuclei present in the air, forming the cumulus cloud. This creates the characteristic flat-bottomed puffy shape associated with cumulus clouds. [4] [5] The height of the cloud (from its bottom to its top) depends on the temperature profile of the atmosphere and of the presence of any inversions. [6]
Altocumulus volutus is a type of altocumulus cloud. This cloud type has the appearance of a single, small, horizontal, rolling line, it is relatively rare compared with its counterpart stratocumulus volutus, [1] This cloud does not attach to any other cloud. It may or may not appear with altocumulus clouds of different species.
The altocumulus undulatus is a mid-level cloud (about 8,000–20,000 ft or 2,400–6,100 m), usually white or grey with layers or patches containing undulations that resemble "waves" or "ripples" in water.
Another highly disturbed but more chaotic wave-like cloud feature associated with stratocumulus or altocumulus cloud has been given the Latin name asperitas. The supplementary feature cavum is a circular fall-streak hole that occasionally forms in a thin layer of supercooled altocumulus or cirrocumulus. Fall streaks consisting of virga or wisps ...
The base of the cloud can form as low as 2,000 metres (6,500 feet), or as high as 6,000 metres (20,000 feet). They are very similar to cumulus congestus clouds, but at a higher level and with the cloud heaps joined at the base. Castellanus clouds are evidence of mid-atmospheric instability and a high mid-altitude lapse rate. [2]