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A natural-gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Austria. Natural-gas processing is a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing contaminants such as solids, water, carbon dioxide (CO 2), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mercury and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce pipeline quality dry natural gas [1] for pipeline distribution and final use. [2]
The Escravos–Lagos Pipeline System (ELPS) is a natural gas pipeline built in 1989 to supply gas from Escravos region of Niger Delta area to Egbin power station near Lagos in Nigeria. Subsequent spur lines from the ELP supply Delta power plant at Ughelli , Warri Refining and Petrochemicals Company at Ekpan, Uvwie .
Natural gas companies in Europe, Australia, and South America have adopted 15 °C (59 °F) and 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) as their standard gas volume reference conditions, used as the base values for defining the standard cubic meter.
In the United States, the hydrocarbon dew point of processed, pipelined natural gas is related to and characterized by the term GPM which is the gallons of liquefiable hydrocarbons contained in 1,000 cubic feet (28 m 3) of natural gas at a stated temperature and pressure.
The heating value depends on the source of gas that is used and the process that is used to liquefy the gas. The range of heating value can span ±10 to 15 percent. A typical value of the higher heating value of LNG is approximately 50 MJ/kg or 21,500 BTU/lb. [2] A typical value of the lower heating value of LNG is 45 MJ/kg or 19,350 BTU/lb.
The raw natural gas from the low pressure separator is sent to a "booster" compressor that raises the gas pressure and sends it through a cooler, and then to the main gas compressor. At the raw natural gas processing plant, the gas will be dehydrated and acid gases and other impurities will be removed
Schematic process flow diagram of a typical facility for processing raw natural gas to produce pipeline sales gas. Legend: Located at gas wells Located at gas processing plant; Red indicates final sales products; Blue indicates optional unit processes available; Notes: Condensate is also called natural gasoline or casinghead gasoline.
Sour gas is natural gas or any other gas containing significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). Natural gas is usually considered sour if there are more than 5.7 milligrams of H 2 S per cubic meter of natural gas, which is equivalent to approximately 4 ppm by volume under standard temperature and pressure.